M'Naghten's Case, 1 C. &  K. 130; 4 St. Tr. N.S. 847 (1843)

People v. Schmidt, 216 N.Y. 324 (1915) (M'Naghten test)

Smith v. United States, 36 F.2d 548 (D.C. Cir. 1929) (irresistible impulse test adopted)

Miller v. Overholser, 206 F.2d 415 (D.C. Cir. 1953) (commitment of "sexual psychopaths")

Durham v. United States, 214 F.2d 862 (D.C. Cir. 1954) (Durham test established)

Washington v. United States, 390 F.2d 444 (D.C. Cir. 1967) (Durham test doubted)

United States v. Brawner, 471 F.2d 969 (D.C. Cir. 1972) (en banc) (Durham test abandoned for Model Penal Code test)

Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984 (Model Penal Code test abandoned by Congress)
    18 U.S.C. § 17 (Insanity defense)
    18 U.S.C. ch. 313 (Offenders with mental disease or defect)

Shannon v. United States, 512 U.S. 573 (1994) (interpreting Insanity Defense Reform Act of 1984)